Bond Regulations & SEBI Framework: The 2025 Compliance Handbook

Introduction

India’s bond market in 2025 is governed by a robust and evolving regulatory framework.

SEBI, RBI, and government agencies continue to refine rules to enhance transparency, strengthen investor protection, standardise disclosures, and enable more efficient market participation.

This handbook provides a structured overview of bond regulations and SEBI frameworks in 2025, designed for educational clarity.

Why Bond Regulations Matter

Bond regulations exist to ensure:

• transparency in issuance

• clarity of risk factors

• fair market access

• standardized disclosures

• stronger investor safeguards

• improved liquidity and market conduct

A regulated environment strengthens confidence for both institutional and retail participants.

Overview of India’s Bond Regulatory Ecosystem

India’s regulatory structure for bonds involves multiple entities:

1. SEBI

Regulates corporate bonds, OBPPs, listing norms, disclosures, rating agencies, and market intermediaries.

2. RBI

Oversees government securities, SDLs, settlement systems, and monetary operations.

3. Ministry of Finance

Coordinates policy developments and fiscal borrowing frameworks.

4. Stock Exchanges

Ensure transparent trading, settlement, and issuer compliance.

5. Credit Rating Agencies

Provide independent assessments under SEBI rules.

These entities collectively ensure a compliant and orderly bond market.

SEBI’s Role in Bond Market Development

SEBI is responsible for regulating:

• corporate bonds

• municipal bonds

• securitised instruments

• debt listing requirements

• online bond platforms

• market intermediaries

• disclosures & documentation

• advertising norms

SEBI’s frameworks aim to improve transparency, broaden participation, and protect investors.

Key 2025 Regulatory Pillars

Several regulatory pillars shape the 2025 environment:

1. Disclosure-Driven Framework

Issuers must provide detailed term sheets, risk factors, covenants, and financial data.

2. Listing Norms

Corporate bonds must adhere to exchange listing requirements.

3. Credit Rating Oversight

Rating agencies follow strict, disclosure-based methodologies.

4. Online Bond Platform Regulations

The OBPP framework governs digital platforms providing bond access.

5. Market Conduct Rules

Ensure no misleading communication or promissory statements.

6. Investor Protection Guidelines

Include grievance mechanisms, documentation clarity, and risk warnings.

These pillars strengthen market integrity.

Listing & Disclosure Requirements

SEBI mandates comprehensive disclosures for listed bonds:

Issuer Information

• financial statements

• promoter details

• corporate governance updates

Instrument-Specific Disclosures

• maturity

• coupon structure

• security type

• call/put options

• covenants

• risk factors

• rating details

Post-Listing Requirements

• periodic financial results

• rating changes

• default or delay reporting

• material events

Transparency is central to compliance.

Credit Rating Framework & Expectations

SEBI regulates rating agencies to ensure consistency and clarity.

Key Aspects:

• published methodologies

• regular surveillance of ratings

• rating change disclosures

• prohibition of unregulated opinions

• enhanced review mechanisms for structured and subordinated instruments

Ratings help investors understand credit risk but do not guarantee outcomes.

SEBI’s Online Bond Platform Provider (OBPP) Rules

Introduced in 2022 and strengthened in subsequent years, the OBPP framework governs digital bond investing.

OBPP Requirements in 2025:

• mandatory SEBI registration as a debt-segment stockbroker

• all transactions routed through exchanges

• clear disclaimers & risk warnings

• prohibition of promissory or misleading claims

• transparent display of bond information

• strict advertising guidelines

• cybersecurity compliance

• investor grievance mechanisms

• accurate and verified document loading

Corporate Bond Market Regulations

Corporate bonds must comply with:

1. Issue Requirements

• private placement rules

• public issue norms

• debt listing requirements

2. Documentation

• term sheets

• trust deeds

• security creation documents

• valuation and pricing disclosures

3. Trading Regulations

• exchange-based trading

• settlement through clearing corporations

4. Market Conduct

• no selective disclosure

• no misleading statements

• compliance with insider trading rules

Corporate bond frameworks aim to make debt markets safer and more transparent.

Government & SDL Regulations

Government Securities (G-Secs):

Regulated by the RBI through:

• auction frameworks

• NDS-OM platform

• settlement through CCIL

• primary dealer obligations

State Development Loans (SDLs):

Governed by RBI auction norms and state-level fiscal frameworks.

These instruments operate under sovereign borrowing rules rather than SEBI corporate regulations.

Securitisation & Structured Debt Rules

SEBI regulates securitised instruments, including:

• Asset-Backed Securities (ABS)

• Mortgage-Backed Securities (MBS)

• Pass Through Certificates (PTCs)

Key Regulatory Areas:

• pool disclosure requirements

• credit enhancement clarity

• stress-testing principles

• trustee responsibilities

• monthly reporting

Structured debt is subject to enhanced transparency norms.

Market Conduct, Transparency & Advertising Norms

SEBI mandates strict guidelines to prevent misleading communication:

Key Principles:

• no promises of returns

• no forecasts or guaranteed income claims

• no use of prohibited terms (e.g., “India’s #1,” “best platform”)

• no highlighted “SEBI registered” claims beyond required disclosure

• factual, data-driven content only

• Advertising compliance is crucial for intermediaries, including OBPPs.

Investor Protection Measures

Investor protection is central to the 2025 framework.

Measures include:

• standardized risk disclosures

• clear display of security type (secured/unsecured/subordinated)

• rating presentation rules

• issuer document access

• grievance-redressal mechanisms

• cybersecurity and data privacy norms

Every participant in the bond ecosystem must adhere to these safeguards.

Compliance Challenges for 2025

Some common challenges for issuers and intermediaries:

1. Maintaining Updated Disclosures

Frequent reporting and rating updates require consistent compliance.

2. Adhering to Advertising Restrictions

Especially for OBPPs and digital platforms.

3. Cybersecurity Requirements

Platforms must follow updated SEBI technology mandates.

4. Complex Documentation

For securitised or structured products.

5. Multi-Regulator Dependencies

SEBI, RBI, exchanges, and trustees each create oversight obligations.

Compliance is essential for market integrity.

How BondScanner Adheres to SEBI’s Framework

BondScanner functions within the OBPP regulatory framework and:

• provides transparent bond information

• displays credit ratings clearly without interpretation

• avoids promissory statements

• routes all orders through regulated exchange systems

• offers offer documents and filings directly

• follows SEBI’s advertising code

• maintains cybersecurity standards

• ensures investors access factual information only

This aligns BondScanner with 2025 compliance expectations.

Conclusion

India’s bond market regulations in 2025 reflect a mature, disclosure-driven, and investor-protection–focused environment.

SEBI’s frameworks around OBPPs, corporate bonds, rating oversight, structured debt, and advertising have strengthened transparency across the ecosystem.

Understanding these regulations helps investors navigate the bond market responsibly and with clarity.

Disclaimer

This blog is intended solely for educational and informational purposes. The bonds and securities mentioned herein are illustrative examples and should not be construed as investment advice or personal recommendations. BondScanner, as a SEBI-registered Online Bond Platform Provider (OBPP), does not provide personalized investment advice through this content.

Readers are advised to independently evaluate investment options and seek professional guidance before making financial decisions. Investments in bonds and other securities are subject to market risks, including the possible loss of principal. Please read all offer documents and risk disclosures carefully before investing.