Bond IPOs & NCDs: How New Bond Issues Work

Introduction

When companies and institutions raise debt capital, they often do so through public bond issuances or Non-Convertible Debentures (NCDs). These issuances are commonly referred to as bond IPOs or new bond issues in the primary market.

Investors frequently search for clarity on bond IPO, upcoming NCD bonds, how to buy bonds in the primary market, and how to check bond allotment status. This article explains how new bond issues work for both retail and institutional participants in an educational, non-advisory format.

What Is a Bond IPO?

A bond IPO refers to the first public issuance of bonds by an issuer to raise funds from investors.

Key characteristics:

• bonds are issued directly by the issuer

• investors subscribe during a defined issue period

• bonds are issued at face value

• interest rate and maturity are pre-defined

• allotment is based on subscription rules

Unlike equity IPOs, bond IPOs do not provide ownership rights in the company.

What Are Non-Convertible Debentures (NCDs)?

Non-Convertible Debentures (NCDs) are fixed-income instruments that cannot be converted into equity shares.

Features of NCDs:

• fixed or floating interest rate

• defined maturity period

• secured or unsecured structure

• listed on stock exchanges after issuance

• interest paid periodically

NCDs are a common format for new bonds issue in India, especially for NBFCs and infrastructure companies.

Why Companies Issue Bonds & NCDs

Issuers raise funds through bonds and NCDs to:

• finance expansion or infrastructure projects

• refinance existing debt

• manage working capital

• diversify funding sources

• lock in long-term borrowing costs

Bond issuance allows companies to raise capital without diluting equity ownership.

Types of New Bond Issues in India

New bond issues can be classified into several types:

1. Public Issue of Bonds

Open to retail and institutional investors.

2. Private Placement

Offered primarily to institutional investors.

3. Secured vs Unsecured Bonds

Secured bonds have asset backing; unsecured bonds rely on issuer credit.

4. Fixed vs Floating Rate Bonds

Interest rate may be fixed or linked to benchmarks.

Each structure impacts risk, return, and investor eligibility.

Types of New Bond Issues in India

New bond issues can be classified into several types:

1. Public Issue of Bonds

Open to retail and institutional investors.

2. Private Placement

Offered primarily to institutional investors.

3. Secured vs Unsecured Bonds

Secured bonds have asset backing; unsecured bonds rely on issuer credit.

4. Fixed vs Floating Rate Bonds

Interest rate may be fixed or linked to benchmarks.

Each structure impacts risk, return, and investor eligibility.

Upcoming NCD Bonds & New Bond Issue Pipeline

Upcoming NCD bonds are announced through:

• offer documents

• exchange notifications

• regulatory filings

Key information disclosed includes:

• issue size

• interest rate

• maturity

• credit rating

• subscription dates

New bond issues may be oversubscribed or undersubscribed depending on market conditions.

Retail vs Institutional Participation

Retail Investors

• apply through demat accounts

• subject to minimum investment amounts

• often have reserved quota

Institutional Investors

• invest larger ticket sizes

• participate through private placements or anchor allocations

• Allocation rules differ based on investor category.

How to Buy Bonds in Primary Market

Step-by-Step (Educational Overview)

Step 1: Review Issue Details

Read the offer document to understand terms.

Step 2: Check Eligibility

Confirm category eligibility and minimum investment.

Step 3: Submit Application

Apply through:

• online trading platforms

• banking channels

• authorized intermediaries

Step 4: Block or Pay Funds

Funds are blocked or debited during application.

Step 5: Allotment & Credit

Bonds are credited to the demat account post allotment.

This process explains how to buy bonds in primary market.

Bond Allotment Status & Settlement Process

After the issue closes:

• allotment is finalized based on subscription

• investors can check bond allotment status via issuer or exchange platforms

• unallotted funds are released or refunded

• bonds are credited to demat accounts

• Settlement follows exchange timelines.

Interest Payments, Listing & Trading

Interest Payments

paid as per issue terms (monthly, quarterly, annual)

Listing

bonds are listed on stock exchanges after issuance

Trading

investors may hold till maturity or sell in the secondary market

market price depends on interest rates and liquidity

Taxation Aspects of Bond IPOs & NCDs

Tax treatment depends on bond structure and holding period.

General principles:

• interest income is typically taxable

• capital gains tax applies on sale before maturity

• tax rates vary based on tenure and investor category

Tax rules are subject to change and should be reviewed independently.

Risks & Limitations to Understand

Bond IPOs and NCDs carry risks such as:

• credit risk

• interest-rate risk

• liquidity risk

• reinvestment risk

• issuer-specific risks

Understanding these factors is essential before evaluating new bond issues.

Common Misconceptions

Misconception 1: Bond IPOs guarantee returns

Returns depend on issuer obligations.

Misconception 2: All NCDs are secured

Some NCDs are unsecured.

Misconception 3: Bonds cannot be sold before maturity

Listed bonds may be traded in secondary markets.

Misconception 4: Bond allotment is always full

Allotment depends on subscription levels.

Conclusion

Bond IPOs and NCDs play a critical role in India’s debt capital market. Understanding bond IPO, upcoming NCD bonds, new bonds issue, and the process to buy bonds in primary market helps investors navigate primary market offerings with clarity.

Awareness of allotment processes, taxation, and risks ensures informed evaluation of new bond issues.

Disclaimer

This blog is intended solely for educational and informational purposes. The bonds and securities mentioned herein are illustrative examples and should not be construed as investment advice or personal recommendations. BondScanner, as a SEBI-registered Online Bond Platform Provider (OBPP), does not provide personalized investment advice through this content.

Readers are advised to independently evaluate investment options and seek professional guidance before making financial decisions. Investments in bonds and other securities are subject to market risks, including the possible loss of principal. Please read all offer documents and risk disclosures carefully before investing.